25. Quantum mechanics and Newtonian mechanics

It is only in the quantum theory that Newton's differen­tial method becomes inadequate, and indeed strict causality fails us. But the last word has not yet been said. May the spirit of Newtons's method give the power to restore unison between physical reality and the profoundest characteristic of Newton's teaching—strict causality.

— Albert Einstein

Finally, a note to end on. There is a way to model or build computers, cellular automata and RUCA based on reversible logic, such as the Fredkin gate #3. It is also true that there is a model of conservative logic based on idealized Newtonian mechanics, called the billiard ball model (BBM). Any RUCA and consequently any DM system can be exactly simulated or implemented by a BBM. This means that DM is a Newtonian system (highly constrained, but definitely Newtonian). We are proposing DM as a paradigm for funda­mental interactions in physics. To make a long, long story very, very short, we believe that QM can be modelled by Newtonian mechanics; but not in a way that would easily have occurred either to Newton or to the average quantum mechanic.

#3 The conservative logic gate is commonly known as the Fredkin gate. See ref. [14].

[14]  E. Predkin and T. Toffoli, Conservative logic, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 (1982) 219-253.